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Stem cells are a class of pluripotent cells with the ability to replicate themselves, and they can differentiate into a variety of functional cells. They have the potential to regenerate various tissues and organs and the human body, and are therefore called “universal cells”.
The unique ability of such cells makes them have great potential for application in disease intervention and cell regeneration.
With the deepening of stem cell research, more and more diseases can be intervened with stem cells.
After years of scientific experiments, clinical studies and medical reports, stem cells have been shown to be effective in improving many types of ovarian dysfunction.
Stem cells have the property of “homing”, which can migrate and colonize the damaged parts, such as ovaries, and survive and grow in the organ, differentiate into ovarian cells, replace and repair the damaged tissues, and at the same time, they will also secrete cytokines to inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian cells, so as to achieve the effect of improving ovarian function, balancing hormone levels, and improving a series of symptoms caused by aging of the reproductive system. Stem cell therapy can improve ovarian function and balance hormone levels, improving a series of symptoms caused by aging of the reproductive system.
1, stem cells promote follicular development Follicular growth and development are closely related to the proliferation of granulosa cells, in which E2 and AMH secreted by granulosa cells are considered as clinical markers for assessing ovarian reserve and reliable parameters for late follicular development. It was found that stem cells reduced the apoptosis of granulosa cells in rats and mice in the POF model, increased the serum E2 level in mice in the POF model, and promoted the maturation of oocytes and follicle growth and development.
2、Stem cells increase ovarian blood supply statusStem cells have paracrine effect, secreting various cytokines, such as chemokines, growth factors and other trophic factors, inducing the regeneration of ovarian blood vessels/microvessels, increasing the number of ovarian blood vessels, which provides nutritive support for follicle development and creates a good microenvironment.
3、Stem cell repair of ovarian tissue fibrosis reports show that MSCs release cytokines and exosomes to promote repair and attenuate organ fibrosis. Histopathologic changes caused by POF include ovarian atrophy and follicular failure, S. Wangetal. et al. showed that stem cells can compensate for ovarian atrophy in POF pattern rats and mice.
In this experimental study, the ovaries of POF model mice in the PBS and collagen groups exhibited severe fibrosis, however, no significant changes in the ovaries were found in either the stem cell group or the collagen/stem cell group, demonstrating that stem cells can be secreted to have a role in repairing or reversing organ fibrosis.
In stem cell therapy, in addition to the common intravenous infusion treatment, one of the more commonly used treatment modalities is targeted injection. Targeted injections are used for specific diseases and require higher skills and more advanced equipment than regular IV infusions, making them relatively more expensive than IV infusions.
Stem cell targeted injection is not applicable to all diseases, but for intravenous infusion of little effect, or must be through the targeted injection technology to achieve a certain effect of the disease to take targeted technology to play a greater role.
Targeted injection:
it is necessary to be guided by ultrasound in the operating room environment in the visual range of the female vagina through the posterior fornix to carry out puncture injection, to realize the precise repair and regeneration of the ovaries, to improve the structure of the ovaries, to restore the number of follicles, and to improve the fertility of a significant effect. It can maximize the therapeutic effect and restore function, and is characterized by safety, high efficiency and precision.
Intravenous injection:
Stem cells are injected directly into the blood vessels of the vein through intravenous injection. With a fast onset of action, stem cells are usually injected directly into the vein using a sterile syringe.
However, the stem cells infused intravenously are not sufficient to support ovarian repair and regeneration. After intravenous infusion, 50-60% of the MSCs accumulate in the lungs after 1 h, and then drop to about 30% after 3 h of infusion, returning to other tissue sites. Because the stem cells are infused intravenously throughout the body, they will support other areas of greater need on their way to the ovaries, and fewer cells will reach the ovaries.
The targeted injection of stem cells, which is guided by colposcopy and localized injection into the ovary under the guidance of vaginal ultrasound, has become an effective means of clinical stem cell therapy for premature ovarian failure. The “migration and homing” effect of stem cells will lead it to the closer ovary, which not only avoids the large amount of stem cells loss, but also avoids the high risk of surgery. The advantage of targeted injections over IV infusion is that they are more targeted and more effective.
Because of the high complexity of targeted injections, the operating environment and the high demand for specialized personnel, the cost of targeted ovarian stem cell injections is relatively high. The specific treatment plan is determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the condition of each woman's premature ovarian failure and whether or not she has a need for fertility.
